Stone facades and walkways look timeless, but durability depends on correct preparation and precise cutting. Start with a stable base: for walkways, excavate to firm soil, add compacted crushed stone in layers, and finish with a leveling bed (sand or fine screenings). Provide slope for drainage (about 1–2%) so water does not pool and freeze. For facades, the substrate must be sound, clean, and flat. Repair loose plaster, remove dust and paint, and use a bonding primer if needed. Choose the right setting material: polymer-modified mortar for most exterior veneers, and a flexible, frost-resistant adhesive where movement or temperature swings are expected. Always follow the stone manufacturer’s recommendations. Plan your layout before mixing mortar. Dry-fit pieces to balance colors and sizes, mark cut lines, and avoid thin slivers at corners and edges. Keep consistent joint spacing using spacers, and include movement/expansion joints on long runs and near transitions. When cutting, use a diamond blade matched to the material. A wet saw gives the cleanest edges and reduces dust; an angle grinder works for small cuts and shaping. Score the face first, cut slowly, and support the stone to prevent chipping. Wear eye, hearing, and respiratory protection. Finish with proper jointing: pack mortar fully, tool joints for shedding water, and clean residue before it hardens. After curing, consider a breathable sealer for staining protection—especially on walkways exposed to de-icing salts.
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